If I'm understanding this, you want to use the phone GPS to transfer location data via BT to another device ?, laptop, etc.... ?.
I'm thinking not in stock iOS, but there might be a hack app available to a jailbroken phone. I'd search on the Cydia site - http://cydia.saurik.com/
And I would not JB the phone till I'd done a lot of research that the app does what you want. Might be cheaper in terms of time spent to purchase a separate GPS receiver unit to do this.